Introduction to Guinea Fowl
Guinea fowl, with their striking appearance and characteristic calls, make a superb addition to your smallholding or farm, especially if you don't have any close neighbours… Originally from Africa, these birds are well-suited to various climates, including that of the UK. They're prized not just for their ornamental charm but also for their practical utility in controlling garden pests and providing a source of eggs and meat. With the rise of Lime Disease in the UK, these birds are fantastic for eating ticks, which can spread the disease.
Why Keep Guinea Fowl in the UK?
In Britain, guinea fowl are cherished for their dual role as pest controllers and providers of gourmet eggs and lean meat. They're adept at keeping down the numbers of garden pests such as ticks and other insects, minus the plant damage often associated with chickens. Their eggs, though smaller than chicken eggs, are a delightful treat and can be an alternative source of income or for personal consumption. Their lean, gamey meat offers a healthy variation from standard poultry.
Preliminary Considerations
Prior to bringing guinea fowl to your holding, it's crucial to think about how much noise they make. They are really only suitable for rural settings or rural gardens, so do check and think about your land's suitability. Adequate space and resources are necessary for their safety and comfort, tall trees for roosting and keeping them safe, or covered pens are a must. Being aware of local wildlife and potential threats, like foxes, is key to preparing appropriate protective measures if you want to keep your birds long term.
Housing and Care
In the UK, guinea fowl require sturdy, secure housing to protect them from the elements and local predators. A well-ventilated, dry coop is essential, along with an outdoor space for foraging. Since guinea fowl can fly, their enclosure should either be covered or the birds' wings clipped to prevent escape - alternatively, if like us you have a small area of tall trees or woodland, they will go up in the trees and roost to escape the fox. We only tend to lose one bird a year to the fox, most of the time they manage to avoid being eaten!
Feeding and Nutrition
Guinea fowl diets in the UK should consist of a balanced mix of grains, greens, and protein sources. Commercially available poultry feeds are suitable, but supplementation with garden produce can provide additional nutrients. Access to clean, fresh water is crucial at all times.
Health Management
Maintaining the health of your guinea fowl is crucial, and the more space they have the better in order to keep illnesses in check.. A clean living environment and a balanced diet are key to preventing many health issues.
Breeding and Egg Production
Guinea fowl breeding in the UK can be a rewarding although sometimes challenging hobby. They typically lay eggs from March to October, with a peak in the warmer months. The trick is finding the eggs - they are prone to hiding and burying them. The eggs should be collected dailyif possible, and can be incubated artificially or naturally. A good breeding stock is essential for healthy offspring, so select breeders for their vigour, size, and conformity to breed characteristics.
Incubation and Hatching
If you choose to incubate eggs, maintain the incubator at a constant temperature and humidity level suitable for guinea fowl eggs. Turning the eggs several times a day is crucial. After about 28 days, the chicks will hatch. They require a warm, dry brooding area and should be fed a starter diet specifically formulated for guinea fowl chicks, or game bird chick crumb works just as well.
Rearing Young Guinea Fowl
Young guinea fowl, known as keets, require attentive care during their first few weeks. Keep them in a brooder with adequate heat, as they are sensitive to cold. Gradually reduce the temperature as they feather out. Provide a high-protein diet to support their rapid growth and ensure they have constant access to fresh water.
Managing Adult Guinea Fowl
Adult guinea fowl are relatively low maintenance. They need a balanced diet, access to clean water, and a secure place to roost at night. They are hardy birds but should be monitored for any signs of illness or distress. Regular worming can be useful, but not essential.
Final Thoughts
Guinea fowl can be a delightful addition to your smallholding, offering both practical benefits and the joy of watching these unique birds. With proper care and management, they can thrive in the UK, contributing to pest control, providing eggs and meat, and adding a unique charm to your farm.
